Spinning magnetic storage media are vulnerable to weakness in several areas, some of which are inherent to the internal structure and design, other issues are not external. Hard disk drive is based on an electro-mechanical technology hubs often with glass or ceramic covered then a process called stammer, this layer coding and decodes a head stack assembly highly accurate and repeatable precision , a modern classic Hard Drive is less than 1 micron.
The big internal problems, which can be instrumental in the failure and data loss, Head Crash, heat and power cycling.
